Bombini

Cytogenetic data

SpeciesSample localCountry(ies)Haploid(n)Diploid(2n)KaryotypeNotesGenome size (pg)Classic cytogenetic dataMolecular cytogenetic dataReferences
Bombus affinisLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
Bombus appositusAlbertaCanada16Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus ardensHigashimatsuyama, Saitama; Itabashi-ku, TokyoJapan18k= 7pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 9metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus ashtoniLocality not specifiedNorth America25as Psithyrus ashtoniOwen 1983  
Bombus bimaculatusGuelph, OntarioCanada0.34Ardila-Garcia et al. 2010  
Bombus bimaculatusOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus borealisOntarioCanada1632Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus californicusAlbertaCanada19Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus citrinusOntarioCanada26as Psithyrus citrinusOwen et al. 1995  
Bombus consobrinusFuji, ShizuokaJapan1938presence of polimorphic chromosomes with different C-banding patternsas Bombus consobrinus wittenburgiC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus cryptarumAlbertaCanada18As Bombus (Bombus) moderatusOwen et al. 1995  
Bombus deuteronymusFuji, ShizuokaJapan2346presence of polimorphic chromosomes with different C-banding patternsas Bombus deuteronymus maruhanabachiC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus diversusCape Ochiishi, Hokkaido; Lake Yamanaka, YamanashiJapan18k= 2pseudo-acrocentric + 8acrocentric + 8metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus ephippiatusLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
Bombus fervidusOntarioCanada1836Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus griseocollisOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus hypocritaFuji, ShizuokaJapan18k= 5pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 11metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus honshuensisLake Yamanaka, YamanashiJapan1734k= 3pseudo-acrocentric + 3acrocentric + 11metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus huntiiAlbertaCanada18Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus ignitusTsu, Mie; Tochigi PrefJapan18k= 4pseudo-acrocentric + 3acrocentric + 11metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus impatiensGuelph, OntarioCanada0.47Ardila-Garcia et al. 2010  
Bombus impatiensLocality not specified0.52Hanrahan and Johnston 2011  
Bombus impatiensOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus melanopygusLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
Bombus mixtusLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
Bombus morioLocality not specified20Kerr and Silveira 1972  
Bombus nevadensisAlbertaCanada17-18Owen 1983  
Bombus occidentalisLocality not specified0.46Hanrahan and Johnston 2011  
Bombus occidentalisAlbertaCanada18Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus pauloensisLocality not specified2040as Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratusKerr and Silveira 1972  Garófalo and Kerr 1975  
Bombus pennsylvanicusOntarioCanada36Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus perplexusOntarioCanada12Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus pseudobaicalensisCape Ochiishi and Kawakami, HokkaidoJapan1734k= 3pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 12metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus rufocinctusOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus schrenckiCape Ochiishi, HokkaidoJapan1734k= 17metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus sitkensisLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
Bombus ternariusLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  
Bombus terrestrisTokyoJapan1836Ayabe et al. 2004  
Bombus terrestrisBasel or Winterthur or ZürichSwitzerland180.42 - 0.64Gadau et al. 2001  Wilfert et al. 2006  Gregory et al. 2007  Stolle et al. 2011  
Bombus terricolaOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus ussurensisFuji, ShizuokaJapan18k= 3pseudo-acrocentric + 2acrocentric + 13metacentricC-bandingHoshiba and Imai 1993  
Bombus vagansOntarioCanada18Owen 1983  Owen et al. 1995  
Bombus vosnesenskiiLocality not specifiedNorth America18Owen 1983  

Chromosome classification: Levan et al. (1964): metacentric (m), submetacentric (sm), subtelocentric (st), or acrocentric (a). Imai (1991): metacentric (M) or acrocentric (A), with a variety of forms depending on the position of the heterochromatin on the karyotype.

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Histogram

Bibliography

Hanrahan, S.J., Johnston, J.S. New genome size estimates of 134 species of arthropods. Chromosome Research, 19 : pp 809-823. 2011. DOI: [10.1007/s10577-011-9231-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-011-9231-6]

Gregory, T.R., Nicol, J.A., Tamm, H., Kullman, B., Kullman, K., Leitch, I.J., Murray, B.G., Kapraun, D.F., Greilhuber, J., Bennett, M.D. Eukaryotic genome size databases. Nucleic Acids Research, 35 : pp D332-D338. 2007. DOI: [10.1093/nar/gkl828 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl828]

Garófalo, C.A., Kerr, W.E. Sex determination in bees. I. Balance between femaleness and maleness genes in Bombus atratus Franklin (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Genetica, 45 : pp 203-209. 1975. DOI: [10.1007/BF01517196 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01517196]

Ardila-Garcia, A.M., Umphrey, G.J., Gregory, T.R. An expansion of the genome size dataset for the insect order Hymenoptera, with a first test of parasitism and eusociality as possible constraints. Insect Molecular Biology, 19 : pp 337-346. 2010. DOI: [10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.00992.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.00992.x]

Owen, R.E. Chromosome numbers of 15 North American bumble bee species (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 25 : pp 26-29. 1983. DOI: [10.1139/g83-004 https://doi.org/10.1139/g83-004]

Owen, R.E., Richards, K.W., Wilkes, A. Chromosome numbers and karyotypic variation in bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Bombini). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 68 : pp 290-302. 1995

Stolle, E., Wilfert, L., Schmid-Hempel, R., Schmid-Hempel, P., Kube, M., Reinhardt, R., Moritz, R.F. A second generation genetic map of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) reveals slow genome and chromosome evolution in the Apidae. BMC Genomics, 12 : pp 48. 2011. DOI: [10.1186/1471-2164-12-48 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-48]

Ayabe, T., Hoshiba, H., Ono, M. Cytological evidence for triploid males and females in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. Chromosome research, 12 : pp 215-223. 2004. DOI: [10.1023/B:CHRO.0000021880.83639.4b https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CHRO.0000021880.83639.4b]

Wilfert, L., Gadau, J., Schmid-Hempel, P. A core linkage map of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Genome, 49 : pp 1215-1226. 2006. DOI: [10.1139/g06-075 https://doi.org/10.1139/g06-075]

Kerr, W.E., Silveira, Z.V.D. Karyotypic evolution of bees and corresponding taxonomic implications. Evolution, 26 : pp 197-202. 1972. DOI: [10.1111/j.1558-5646.1972.tb00187.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1972.tb00187.x]

Hoshiba, H., Imai, H. Chromosome evolution of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) on the basis of C-banding pattern analyses. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 61 : pp 465-492. 1993

Gadau, J., Gerloff, C.U., Krüger, N., Chan, H., Schmid-Hempel, P., Wille, A., Page Jr, R.E. A linkage analysis of sex determination in Bombus terrestris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Heredity, 87 : pp 234-242. 2001. DOI: [10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00919.x https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00919.x]